References
- Transportation Characteristics of School Children," Report No. 4, Nationwide Personal Transportation Study, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, July 1972.
- Transportation Characteristics of School Children," Report No. 4, Nationwide Personal Transportation Study, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, July 1972.
- "Data from the 2001 National Household Travel Survey conducted by Federal Highway Administration were used as the source."
- Estimates are that in most communities 20–25 percent of rush hour traffic consists of school-related trips.
- Many of the cars and SUVs in traffic around schools are driven by parents. Ironically, parents consistently cite traffic danger as a reason why they do not allow their children to bicycle or walk to school. "Barriers to Children Walking and Biking to School," CDC, 2005.
- Dubay A. "See Dick and Jane Sit in Traffic," The Press Democrat, September 7, 2003 cited in Travel and Environmental Implications of School Siting. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA 231-R-03-004. October 2003. Available: http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/pdf/school_travel.pdf. Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions, London, Greater Vancouver Regional District. 1999. Morning Peak Trip by Purpose.
- "Physical activity and the health of young people," U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Fact Sheet, 2004.
- Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics, No. 381, December 29, 2006, Center for Disease Control.
- "Transportation Characteristics of School Children," Report No. 4, Nationwide Personal Transportation Study, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, July 1972.
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, National Center for Statistics and Analysis, Traffic Safety Fact Sheets 2008, Children. Accessed at http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811157.PDF on December 10, 2009.
- United Kingdom Department of Environment and Transportation, "Killing Speed & Saving Lives." London, England, 1997.
- Huang et al. reported greater variation in the percentage of pedestrians to whom approaching motorists yielded; Their results, from 11 different uncontrolled crossings in 4 States, ranged from 0 to 87 percent, with a mean of 50 percent. Huang and Cynecki also reported on the percentage of pedestrians yielded to by approaching motorists; their study included data from eight uncontrolled crossings in seven States. Yield rates ranged from 0 to 58 percent and averaged 19 percent.
- Uniform Vehicle Code, 2000 Edition, Chapter 1 — Words and Phrases Defined, Section 1–112 — Crosswalk. A legal crosswalk is considered to exist where one or both of the intersecting streets provides a sidewalk on one or both sides of the street leading to the intersection, regardless of whether or not the crossing area has been striped.
- Uniform Vehicle Code, Article V, Section 11-501-503 & 11–509
- Enhancing Bicycle Safety: Law Enforcement's Role, An Interactive Training for Law Enforcement Officers, NHTSA.
- Prevent Bicycle Crashes: Parents and Caregivers, #DOT HS 810 000, NHTSA , April 2007
- Safe Kids Worldwide reports in their 2005 Facts about Injuries to Child Pedestrians (website), "Many motorists at intersections in school zones and residential neighborhoods violate stop signs: 45 percent by not coming to a complete stop, 37 percent by rolling through and 7 percent by not slowing down. A national survey of speeding in school zones found that two-thirds of drivers exceed the posted speed limit during the 30-minute period before and after school. In 2003, automated photo enforcement found that 82 percent of drivers were passing a school bus and 78 percent were speeding in a school zone."
- Ogden CL, Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Johnson CL. Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999–2000. JAMA. 2002;288:1728–1732.
- Chauncey, Bob. The National Center for Bicycling and Walking.
- How-to-Guide: Traffic Safety Around Schools: An Officer's Guide to Parent Education, available from this website.
- Safe Kids Campaign, USA; Safe Kids Worldwide: Facts About Injuries to Children Riding Bicycles, 2007 Accessed at http://www.usa.safekids.org/wtw/documents/Research02.pdf on December 2, 2009.
- Taft CH, Kane BE, Mickalide AD, Paul HA. Child pedestrians at risk in America: a national survey of speeding in school zones. Washington (DC): National SAFE KIDS Campaign, October 2000.
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, National Center for Statistics and Analysis, Traffic Safety Fact Sheets 2007, Children. Accessed at http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/810987.PDF on December 10, 2009.
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, National Center for Statistics and Analysis, Traffic Safety Fact Sheets 2008, Bicyclists and Other Cyclists. Accessed at http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811156.PDF on January 12, 2010.
- National Safe Kids Campaign, "Report to the Nation on Child Pedestrian Safety", October 2002. Accessed at http://www.safekids-centralvalley.org/images/Report_Ped_ReporttoTheNation_Oct2002.pdf on December 10, 2009.